04 August 2008

Will we like what we see - and where will it take us?

Since joining the taskforce on Baptist Identity I have been going back and forth in my mind about the whole point of this endeavour. I read the entries on the blog and am persuaded by the systematic articulation of Baptist distinctives. What I can’t be clear about is whether this need to articulate our identity is a sign of weakness or strength.

Perhaps if the timing of our convening was at some other juncture in history I may not be squirming quite so much about what we are doing. However, I can’t divorce my thinking from the fact that we are in a context of significant religious revisionism. Our religious neighbours are engaged in, on the one hand, some very public displays of strength and, on the other, enduring intense and unflattering scrutiny.

The issue of strong sense of identity amongst our Anglican brothers and sisters has been alluded to in previous blogs. However, as a not disinterested observer of things Anglican in Sydney, I’m starting to think that conflict and disunity might be the identifying feature of Sydney Anglicanism. Across the Sydney Diocese not all churches are so staunchly in the evangelical fold as might be thought, and the handful of practising “High Anglican” churches within the Sydney diocese is increasingly under siege.

The Anglicans have a dominance on the major Sydney university campuses that is the envy of other denominations. However, it is a mistake to think that their strength derives from a sense of unity. The two organisations, Campus Bible Study (CBS) on the University of NSW campus, and the Evangelical Union (EU) on the University of Sydney campus, are culturally distinct movements. CBS is supported by St Matthias Anglican Church, and EU by St Barnabas, Broadway. They each adopt the tone of their supporting churches, EU being the more moderate of the two groups.

This groping has implications for theological training. Moore College is situated in the grounds of the University if Sydney but owes its cultural tone to the St Matthias movement. Theological students who are graduates from Sydney University can find themselves feeling not-quite-at-home in their own denominational college located in the grounds of their old university.

Sydney Anglicans have a habit of identifying themselves as just that. They are “Sydney Anglicans”. This is a shorthand to say the they are evangelical and Bible-believing as opposed to other kinds of Anglicans. I am yet to hear a Kenyan or Nigerian Anglican identify him or herself as a “Sydney Anglican” but in the terms defined by its users it would make perfect if not confusing sense. More significantly, however, the description is implicitly divisive. It accepts the need to define oneself in opposition to those who differ from the users position. With the advent of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans it now seems that “Sydney Anglicans” have been able to export their particular brand of divisiveness and conflict worldwide .It is true that the Anglicans have a strong identity but my sense is that their identity, characterised by conflict and exclusion, holds with in it the source of its own unravelling.

This week in Sydney the Catholics are proudly declaring their identity. At one and the same time they are on display for all the right reasons and all the wrong reasons. The confidence and hubris required to organise an international event calling pilgrims from all over the world are exactly the qualities that blind organisations to the notion that directing all this attention to itself may invite scrutiny on areas they don’t wish to reveal.

There have been as many articles in the paper about falling church attendances, aging congregations, scandals and a dearth of priests as there have been about exciting and inspirational events. Archbishop Pell would far rather talk about the excitement of young people taking time out of their live to pursue spiritual goals (and I’d rather hear about that too). Instead, however, he is forced (and rightly so) to answer questions about the church’s failure (yet again) to deal with issues of sexual abuse by the priesthood.

I guess my point is this. Does the issue of identity only become important when your organisation is under threat? As Steve Bartlett pointed out in a Directions 2012 Update (“Let’s Light a Fire”) our denomination is in trouble. Our denominational growth is not keeping p with population growth. People are not coming to faith . The church is less and less successful in engaging with our culture. We do get the feeling sometimes that we are witnessing the closing days of western Christianity.

How does articulating a better sense of who we are help us deal with this problem? We need to avoid the excesses of both the Anglicans and the Catholics. Firstly, we will not want to use our insights solely to identify those who differ from us, yet still identify themselves as Baptists, as the enemy. This is always a difficult issue for Baptists. We don’t do toleration well. We are better at schism. However, we do have a tradition and culture that honours and fosters the expression of Christian freedom. Our style of church governance and our light-handed denomination structures allow for diversity in ministry that a more legislative approach to church practice does not.

Secondly we need to avoid grand public gestures that are intended to exude optimism yet, because of their hollowness, have a more-than-slightly-desperate air to them. We may find that, as a taskforce, the pithy, dare I say it the sexy, one-liner about what it is to be Baptist may elude us.

I am hoping that we can lift the lid on our identity and understand ourselves sufficiently so as to contribute to a greater sense of unity and to be a guide our united endeavours in ways that are clearly Baptist.

Kristine Morrison is a midwife and member of the Social Issues Committee of the Baptist Union of NSW. She attends Ashfield Baptist Church, Sydney.

4 comments:

Groseys messages said...

very well written article Kristine.. thanks.. it summarises so much .. and epitomises exactly both the difficulty and the blessing of being Baptist.
I don't think there are any solutions, let alone easy ones.
Steve

Peter Green said...

Kristine raises some important issues, and is, I think, spot on about what the Anglicans and Catholics are facing at present.

When it comes to the articulation of Baptist distinctives, one of the issues for me is that it seems that many Baptists are quite uncertain about what Baptists have historically been. Throughout our history we have tended to wander according to the direction of the wind. And I think it is important for us Baptists to be as radical as the Reformers were and to say, "Where did we come from, and how should we express this 'ur-Baptist' ethos in our society, without particular reference to some of the stations we have stopped at along the way?"

Perhaps ideally we should go back even further and try to derive a church life from first principles. But, in the same way that we would not abandon Nicea in our quest for authenticity, so I think there are some things which, as Baptists, we can take as settled.

I don't believe that these things are Calvinism or Arminianism, because Baptists have been both. It is not dispensationism, as some Baptists are and some aren't. Nor is it Pentecostalism, for similar reasons. And, in fact, it is arguable that these forms of Christian expression are imports into the core values which we as Baptists must hold.

Furthermore, I will add that a focus on these things in a way that excludes those who are not in the camp of our leaning, is schismatic and cultistic, if not verging on heretical.

I think that the core things which we as Baptists hold must be articulated and taught.

To give an example, one of our members, who has grown up within the church, asked me recently if it was OK for someone to preach in a Baptist Church other than their own if they were not ordained. He was well acquainted with the fact that we have unordained members speak when I am on holidays, but...

Clearly, he lacked an understanding of how we Baptists translate the concepts of free and equal access to God and to his word into everyday church life. If we are to continue as a denomination, we need a generation of people with some understanding of who we Baptists are.

Having said that, I consider such things the trivia of being Baptist Christians.

Kristine is right to say that a need to articulate our core values is evidence that we are in trouble. In fact, I will go further and suggest that it indicates that we lack the shared core values which are essential to a faith community and vital to effective ministry. We are a white-anted tree, bearing leaves, but eaten out at the heart.

Not, I hasten to add, that agreeing that we should have free and equal Christians within a free and equal society is what makes for community. All I am saying is that we have pneumonia -- that's the sickness -- but we are coughing up phlegm the colour of values-depletedness, which is a symptom of what we are suffering, but not the thing in itself.

The really strong point that Kristine makes is in her final paragraph:
"I am hoping that we can lift the lid on our identity and understand ourselves sufficiently so as to contribute to a greater sense of unity and to be a guide our united endeavours in ways that are clearly Baptist."

It is this unity which we need above all else. The Anglicans can have their Reformed Evangelicalism (is there an HTML tag for an "Old English" font?). The Catholics and the Pentecostals can have their great rallies, well-done though they be.

The thing we can offer above all else, and which we will struggle to achieve, is Christian community: a unity in Christ which is big enough to comprehend our insignificant differences.

If we can do that, I think that most of the rest will fall into place.

Groseys messages said...

Boxed Baptist Distinctives and The Upcoming Assembly Convention
Whilst I will be absent from this convention, allow me to state some viewpoints concerning the impact of our Baptist distinctives upon some of the matters under discussion.

I think we are interesting critters like ll God’s critters. One fo those interesting things abut Baptists is that we all affirm our Baptists distinctives, and having once affirmed them, we neatly fold them away on a box never to be bothered with again. After all, we are Baptists aren’t we, and we know what we think about Baptist stuff, or we wouldn’t be Baptists!

But sometimes we miss the connections between the truths we believe and the things we discuss.
What we believe must and should guide the principles upon which we discuss various elements of our lives as Christians. Our beliefs should give us a world view through which we look at life.

The amazing distinctive which properly has been called the only real contribution Baptists have made towards theology, is the understanding of soul liberty.

The basic concept of individual soul liberty, or soul competency, is that, in matters of religion, each person has the liberty to choose what his/her conscience or soul dictates is right, and is responsible to no one but God for the decision that is made.
A person may then choose to be a Baptist, a member of another Christian denomination, an adherent to another world religion, or to choose no religious belief system, and neither the church, nor the government, nor family or friends may either make the decision or compel the person to choose otherwise. In addition, a person may change his/her mind over time. (Wikipedia)
“…the principle of the competency of the soul in religion under God is a distinctive Baptist contribution to the world's thought….” E. Y. Mullins (b.1860 — d.1928) model Southern Baptist educator/theologian.
“Out of this principle flow all other elements of Baptist belief….” Herschel H. Hobbs recognised Southern Baptist statesman and pastor (b.1907 — d.1995)
Baptists understand that the nature of conversion as described in the Bible endorses a view of soul competency where:
■ Individuals have a God-given ability or competency to know God.
■ God has provided this liberty for people to know God.
■ God does not force or coerce compliance with His will, he rather persuades individuals to know Him.
■ Competency and freedom or liberty automatically implies responsibility and accountability.
■ The integrity of the individual is maintained holding the individual responsible for choices. Therefore faith responses are expected from individuals rather than groups, as each one must “choose for themselves” (Joshua 24:15).
■ A concomitant of this individual soul liberty or soul competency is that government ought not in any way to impede the free exercise of the individual’s soul liberty with regard to religion. Neither should Government sponsor or endorse religious groups.


There is a sense in which our understanding of the autonomy of the local church flows from this viewpoint on the nature of conversion, which we call soul liberty. We as believers are called together into churches.

Of course, the issue of autonomy can be both a singularly Christian thing, and also a singularly sinful thing.

It was the desire for autonomy that caused the pair on the ground in the Garden to eat from the fruit on the tree. Gen 2: 16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree of the garden,
17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for on the day you eat from it, you will certainly die.”

The sinful desire for autonomous knowledge that would give them power Gen 3:5 “In fact, God knows that when you eat it your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”
The desire for power and autonomy from God is a sinful propensity we all “enjoy.”

The call to faith, the call to conversion, is a call to leave that epistemology of power and autonomy and discover a new dependence upon the Lord.

As we gather together as autonomous Christians who have discovered a new dependency upon God, so as autonomous churches we discover our liberty through dependence upon God.

Our church members gather to discover the mind of Christ together in what we call our church meeting (or that despicable term the “Church Business Meeting”). We eschew our sinful autonomies of power and come together in humility to discover what the Lord of the Church has been saying to each one of us in our local church meeting.

With respect for each other and love to each other we listen to each other to discover the mind of Christ for the local church.

Next week you will gather together as a group of autonomous churches to discover the mind of Christ for our churches together.

How important it is in the local church meeting that no one degenerates to the autonomy of power rather than dependence upon the Lord. That is why the Lord Jesus spoke so directly to Christian Leadership.

Matthew 20: 20 Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons approached Him with her sons. She knelt down to ask Him for something.
21 “What do you want?” He asked her. “Promise,” she said to Him, “that these two sons of mine may sit, one on Your right and the other on Your left, in Your kingdom.” 22 But Jesus answered, “You don’t know what you’re asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?” “We are able,” they said to Him. 23 He told them, “You will indeed drink My cup. But to sit at My right and left is not Mine to give; instead, it belongs to those for whom it has been prepared by My Father.”
24 When the 10 [disciples]heard this, they became indignant with the two brothers.
25 But Jesus called them over and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles dominate them, and the men of high position exercise power over them. 26 It must not be like that among you. On the contrary, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, 27 and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave; 28 just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life—a ransom for many.”

The only Leadership in the church is that of servant leadership, a leadership that rejects all issues of power and autonomy, and seeks through loving service to help others.


There is a sense in which the soul liberty or autonomy of the believer is not subject to the power of individuals within the local church. Should an autonomy of power direct the work of the church rather than the Spirit of Christ demonstrated in loving service, the individual believer always has the option of exercising his/her soul liberty and, through loving service, loving argument and gentle persuasion, attempt to challenge the autonomy of power. Of course should the matter be so great as to affect the nature of the gospel, the believer always has the final option of walking away from that community.

There is a sense in which the autonomy of the local church is not subservient to the power of individuals in the Assembly Convention.
God forbid that other churches or individuals should attempt to lord it over the local congregations gathered together in the Convention. We come together to discover what we can do together as autonomous congregations seeking in dependence upon the Lord to discover His mind about those things in which we can serve together.

There is a sense of responsibility towards one another that pervades this loving service of discovering the mind of Christ.

There is a sense of accountability to one another to be all that Christ intends we should be as individual Christians and autonomous churches.

As we gather together in Assembly, we respect each churches opinions in matters in which we have chosen to work together.

We also respect each churches opinions when they differ from our own.

Sometimes those opinions are of a very secondary nature. Sometimes those opinions involve affiliations that may concern others.
If for example, churches do not wish to affiliate with the National Council of Churches through the Baptist Union of NSW, and the Baptist union of Australia, we cannot force others to comply, and should respect their views regarding affiliation.

How do we respect both viewpoints in this matter?

For many years the way we have respected both viewpoints was that we permitted the Baptist Union of Australia to enjoy observer status at NCC meetings without affiliation.

This method has worked in the past. Loving service to one another would imply that this situation continue.

Groseys messages said...

G'day Rod,
Here is an excellent review of the Shack from Gary Gilley.
It does have relevance to our baptst distinctives, as one of our distinctives is the authority of the scriptures, and another is the Lordship of Christ. I guess an understanding of the Trinity is at the core of our evangelical beliefs and of our beliefs as Baptists.

Here is the article. You may want to make it a post.
Steve Grose


The Shack - A Book Review

The Shack - A Book Review :: Think on These Things Articles
An article By Gary Gilley
(September 2008 - Volume 14, Issue 9)

One of the most popular and controversial Christian books of recent years is the fictional work by first time author William Young. Evangelical recording artist Michael W. Smith states, “The Shack will leave you craving for the presence of God.” Author Eugene Peterson believes “this book has the potential to do for our generation what John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress did for his. It’s that good!” On the other hand, seminary president Al Mohler says the book “includes undiluted heresy” and many concur. Given its popularity (number one on the New York Times bestseller list for paperback fiction), influence and mixed reviews, we need to take a careful look.

Good Christian fiction has the ability to get across a message in an indirect, non-threatening yet powerful, way. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful in the genre and has been mightily used of the Lord to teach spiritual truth. What determines the value of fiction is how closely it adheres to Scripture. It is by these criteria that we must measure The Shack.

As a novel, while well written, its storyline is not one that would attract many people. The plot is developed around the abduction and murder of six year old Missy, beloved daughter of nominal Christian Mackenzie Philips (Mack). This great tragedy has, of course, shaped the lives of Mack and his family in horrific ways. Mack’s life is simply described as living under “The Great Sadness.” Then one day four years later God drops Mack a note in his mail box and invites him to the isolated shack where Missy was murdered. Obviously skeptical, Mack takes a chance that God might really show up and heads alone to the shack. There God, in the form of all three members of the Trinity, meets with him for the weekend. God gives Mack new insight about Himself, about life and about pain and tragedy and Mack goes home a new man.

It should be mentioned that the Trinity takes human form in the novel: the Father (called Papa throughout) appears as a large African-American woman who loves to cook; the Holy Spirit is called Sarayu (Sanskrit for air or wind) and is a small Asian woman who is translucent; and Jesus is a middle-age man, presumably of Jewish descent, who is a carpenter. Much interesting dialog takes place as members of the Trinity take turns explaining to Mack what they want him to know.

The Shack, like many books today, decries theology on the one hand while offering its own brand on the other. A story has the advantage of putting forth doctrine in a livelier manner than a systematic work can do—which is why we find most of Scripture in narrative form. The question is, does Young’s theology agree with God’s as revealed in Scripture? The short answer is “sometimes” but often Young totally misses the mark.

Scripture and the Church

Young’s message centers on the Trinity and salvation, but before we tackle Young’s main objective it is significant that he has a couple of axes to grind concerning the Bible and the church. Young passionately rejects the cessationist view of Scripture which his character Mack was taught in seminary: “In seminary he had been taught that God had completely stopped any overt communication with moderns, preferring to have them only listen to and follow sacred Scripture, properly interpreted, of course. God’s voice had been reduced to paper, and even that paper had to be moderated and deciphered by the proper authorities and intellects…Nobody wanted God in a box, just in a book” (pp. 65-66). Young would prefer a God who communicates with us in our thoughts rather than on paper (i.e. the Bible) (p. 195). Realizing the subjectivity of such revelation he assures us that we will “begin to better recognize [the Holy Spirit’s] voice as we continue to grow our relationship” (p. 196). Scripture comes in second to inner voices in Young’s theology. Scripture puts God in a box; inner voices make God alive and fresh. This is what Young wants to convey.

Young also has little good to say about the church or other related institutions. While Mack had attended seminary, “none of his training was helping in the least” (p. 91) when it came to understanding God. He consistently depicts the activity of the church in a negative light: Mack is pretty sure he hasn’t met the church Jesus loves (p. 177), which is all about relationships, “not a bunch of exhausting work and long list of demands, and not sitting in endless meetings staring at the backs of people’s heads, people he really didn’t even know” (p. 178). Sunday school (p. 98) and family devotions (p. 107) both take hits as well. Systematic theology itself takes a postmodern broadside as the Holy Spirit says, “I have a great fondness for uncertainty” (p. 203). While Scripture does not place such words in the mouth of the Holy Spirit, Young’s love for uncertainty becomes frustratingly clear as he outlines his concept of salvation.

Salvation

When Mack asks how he can be part of the church, Jesus replies, “It’s simple Mack, it’s all about relationships and simply sharing life” (p. 178). On an earlier occasion Jesus tells Mack that he can get out of his mess “by re-turning. By turning back to me. By giving up your ways of power and manipulation and just come back to me” (p. 147). Yet nowhere in The Shack is the reader given a clear understanding of the gospel. When Mack asks what Jesus accomplished by dying he is told, “Through his death and resurrection, I am now fully reconciled to the world.” When pressed to explain, God says that He is reconciled to “the whole world,” not just the believer (p. 192). Does this mean that all will be saved? Young never goes that far, however he certainly gives that impression when Mack’s father (who was an awful man and showed no signs of being saved) is found in heaven (pp. 214-215), when God says repeatedly He is particularly fond of all people, when God claims that He has forgiven all sins against Him (e.g. 118-119), that He does not “do humiliation, or guilt, or condemnation” (p. 223) and, contrary to large hunks of Scripture, God is not a God of judgment. “I don’t need to punish people for sin, sin is its own punishment, devouring you from the inside. It’s not my purpose to punish it; it’s my job to cure it” (p. 120). While Young’s comment has some validity it does not faithfully reflect the teaching of Scripture which portray God as actively involved in the punishment of sin.

Young further muddies the waters as he has Jesus reply to Mack’s question, “Is that what it means to be a Christian?” Jesus says, “Who said anything about being a Christian? I’m not a Christian…Those who love me come from every system that exists. They were Buddhists or Mormons, Baptists or Muslims, Democrat, Republicans and many who don’t vote or are not part of any Sunday morning or religious institutions…I have no desire to make them Christians, but I do want to join them in their transformation into sons and daughters of my Papa, into my brothers and sisters, into my beloved.” With Mack we are confused. “Does that mean,” asks Mack, “that all roads will lead to you?” Jesus denies this but then says, “What it does mean is that I will travel any road to find you” (p. 182). Jesus apparently means that He will travel any road to “join them in their transformation.” The implication is that people are on many roads that lead to their self-transformation. Jesus will join people where they are on that road and apparently aid in that transformation. This is certainly not the teaching of Scripture, which tells us that we must come to the one road, the narrow way that leads to God through Jesus Christ.

The Godhead

The main thrust of the novel concerns itself with an understanding of God and how we are to be in relationship to Him. As already noted, the method by which mankind comes into the right relationship with God is cloudy at best in The Shack. Young’s Trinity is equally confusing. The author does not develop his understanding of God exclusively from Scripture and, in fact, often contradicts biblical teaching. The first issue is that of imagining and presenting human forms for the members of the Trinity. While some slack might be given for Young’s portrait of Jesus, who came in human form (although we don’t know what He looks like), the first two of the Ten Commandments would forbid us depicting the Father or the Holy Spirit in physical form. When we create an image of God in our imagination we then attempt to relate to that image—which is inevitably a false one. This is the essence of idolatry and is forbidden in the Word.

Further, the portrayal of God throughout the novel is one which humanizes Him rather than exalts Him. Young quotes Jacques Ellul, “No matter what God’s power may be, the first aspect of God is never that of absolute Master, the Almighty. It is that of the God who puts Himself on our human level and limits Himself” (p. 88). Really? This quote is in contradiction to the entirety of biblical revelation which first and often declares God to be absolute Master, yet in no way mitigates the incarnation, as Young and Ellul are trying to claim.

Young further humanizes God and contradicts Scripture by teaching that all the members of the Trinity took human form at the incarnation: “When we three spoke ourself into human existence as the Son of God, we became fully human” (p. 99). Is Young advocating modalism (an ancient heresy which teaches that the Trinity is not composed of three distinct members but three distinct modes in which God appears throughout human history)? If not, it is abundantly clear that Young believes that the Father died on the cross with the Son and bears the marks of the cross to this day (pp. 95-95, 164). He does not believe that the Father abandoned Jesus on the cross as Scripture declares (p. 96). And any concept of authority and submission in the Godhead is denied (pp. 122, 145), although 1 Cor. 11:1-3 is clear that such authority/submission exists. More than that, God submits to us as well (p. 145). By the end of the book God is reduced to being our servant as we are His (it’s all about relationships, not authority) (pp. 236-237).

The very essence of God is challenged when Young, quoting from Unitarian-Universalist, Buckminster Fuller, declares God to be a verb not a noun (pp. 194, 204). In a related statement, Young has Jesus say of the Holy Spirit, “She is Creativity; she is Action; she is Breathing of Life” (p. 110). Yet the Bible presents God as a person (noun) not an action (verb). When this truth is denied we are moving from the biblical understanding of a personal God to an Eastern understanding of God in everything.[1] Thus, we are not surprised when Mack asks the Holy Spirit if he will see her again he is told, “Of course, you might see me in a piece of art, or music, or silence, or through people, or in creation, or in your joy and sorrow” (p. 198). This is not biblical teaching. This idea seems repeated in a line from a song Missy creates, “Come kiss me wind and take my breath till you and I are one” (p. 233). At what point do we become one with creation? Again, this is an Eastern concept, not a biblical one. Young reinforces his Eastern leanings with a statement right out of New Age (New Spirituality) teachings: Papa tells Mack, “Just say it out loud. There is power in what my children declare” (p. 227). Ronda Byrne would echo this idea in her book, The Secret, but you will not find it in the Bible. Further, we are told Jesus “as a human being, had no power within himself to heal anyone” (p. 100). So how did he do so? By trusting in the Holy Spirit. Jesus, the Spirit says, “is just the first to do it to the uttermost—the first to absolutely trust my life within him…” (p. 100). There is enough truth here to be confusing but not accurate. Jesus, never ceasing to be fully God, had all Divine power dwelling within Him. That He chose to limit His use of that power and rely on the Holy Spirit while on earth in no way diminishes His essence. While Jesus is our example He is not a guru blazing a trail in which in this life we too can be like God. This idea smacks of New Age teaching, not Scripture. Jesus even tells Mack that “God, who is the ground of all being, dwells in, around, and through all things—ultimately emerging as the real” (p. 112). This is pure New Age spirituality.

The Shack, while occasionally getting things right is, in the end, a dangerous piece of fiction. It undermines Scripture and the church, presents at best a mutilated gospel, misrepresents the biblical teachings concerning the Godhead and offers a New Age understanding of God and the universe. This is not a great novel to explain tragedy and pain. It is a misleading work which will confuse many and lead others astray.
[1] God IN everything is known as panentheism—an Eastern belief akin to pantheism which teaches that God IS everything. In reality there is very little difference between the two.